The "Harwa 2001" ONLUS Cultural Association presents
The Tomb of Harwa

Winter 2004 - 2005


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Shaft YF was filled with debris to a depth of around three metres from the opening. The removal of this debris led to the discovery of an opening in the northern wall of the shaft, which leads to a spacious room: YF.A4. YF.A4 was also shown to have been visited by tomb robbers, the fragment of a terracotta pipe-bowl having been found there.
D
uring the excavation of shaft YF a fragment of gold-leaf in the shape of a lotus flower was recovered, having originally been part of an anthropoid coffin of a woman (
Fig. 4).
The hypothesis that shaft YF was prepared for a female burial is supported by discoveries made subsequently in chamber YF.A4. In the north-eastern corner a small shaft (YO) was discovered. It has a square opening, with sides of 60 cm, and is 50 cm deep. It could have been excavated to house a set of canopic jars, though no trace of these has yet been found. Inside YO, little was found under the surface layer of debris, though some fragments of a wooden coffin with the remains of delicate decoration were recovered. One fragment bears part of the scene of the judgement, with Anubis and Horus to the side of the scale on which the heart of deceased was weighted. Another preserves part of the body of a woman wearing a white pleated dress. Remains of a column of hieroglyphs precede this figure. Unfortunately the section in which the name the name of the deceased would have been written is now lost. A number of sun-dried mud shabtys of poor workmanship were recovered at the bottom of YO. Three samples of the same shabtys were also discovered in YF.A4. 
The archaeological evidence suggests that these shabtis had previously been deposited in YO and formed part of the funerary equipment of the female burial. This assumes a certain importance when considering that, in the north-western corner of room YF.A4 more than six hundred fayence shabty fragments were recovered. They are identical to those found in the deepest rooms of the tomb that bear inscriptions with the name of Harwa. All the fayence shabtys found in YA.A4 are uninscribed (
Fig. 5).

All these finds suggest that chamber YF.A4 was intended for the burial of a woman who (as is suggested by the similarity of the shabtys) was connected to Harwa in some way and had at her disposal a certain amount of wealth (as is suggested by the gold-leaf in the shape of a lotus flower and the high quality of the coffin decoration). The cleaning and the analysis of several other pieces of wood recovered inside YF.A4 perhaps will perhaps lend support to this assertion. If the chronological relationship between these archaeological contexts is confirmed, the sun-dried mud shabty found inside YO might be re-dated to the end of the 25th and the beginning of the 26th Dynasties (though shabtis of this type are usually ascribed to the Greco-Roman period). That would prompt a revision of the dates given to many burials discovered in the tomb in the past seasons.

 
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Plan of excavations

 

Fig. 4: gold-leaf in
shape of a lotus flower from the
excavation of YF.A4

 

Fig. 5: fayence shabty reconstructed from the fragments recovered in YF.A4

 

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